Change-speed and back-pedaling brake mechanism for cycles.



c, T. B. SANGSTBR. CHANGE SPEED AND BACK PEDALING BRAKE MEGE'ANISM FORGYGLES.

APPLICATION FILED JAN` 2 19,07.

931,656. v Patented Aug.17,1909.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

.WITNESS Es may@ f-dm n Za-W 7 @mW- lg C. T. B. SANGSTER.

GHANGE SPEED AND BACK PEDALING BRAKE MEGEANISM EOE GYGLES.

APPLICATION FILED IAN. 2, 1907.

' 931,656. A Patented Aug. 1'?, 1909.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

- Far/era a?" /arzd ZE cfa/werfe?" G. T. B. SANGSTER. Y CHANGE SPEED ANDBACK PBDALING BRAKE MBGHANISM PQE CYCLES. APPLIUATION FILED JAN. 2,1907.

931,656. Patent-.ed Aug. 17, 1909.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

- a i V IlllllIllllIlIlIlIlllllIIINIIIUIIIHIIIIIlll!||IlllllllllillllillilllllllllllllllilllllllllllllIlllllIllllllllllllllllll "fw f@ C. T. B. SANGrS'lElEiICHANGE SPEED AND BACK PEDALING BRAKE MEGHANISMFOB. CYCLES.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 2, 1907. 93 1 ,656

Patented Aug. 17, 1909.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

f for @fear ZZJZLB. Jaizyder' WITNESSES f E z d z MW ANDREW. a. GRAHAMCO, PHDTWLITNGRPHERS. WASHINGTON, D Cv o. T. B. SANGSTER. CHANGE SPEEDAND BACK PEDALINC BRAKE MECHANISM FOR CYCLES.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 2, 1907.

e SHEETS-SHEET 5.v

WlTNESSES G. T. B. SANGSTER.. CHANGE SPEED AND BACK PEDALING BRAKEMEGHANISM FOR GYGLES. APPLIMTION FILED JAN. l2, 1907.

931,656.i Patented Aug. 17',l 1909.

s SHEETS-SHEET 6.

|||IIIIIHIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIMINIl UNTE STATES PATENT@Fllihl CHARLES T. B. SANGSTER, OF BOURNBRODK, NEAR BIRMINGHAM, ENGLAND.

CHANGE-SPEED ANB BAK-PEDALING- BRAISE MECHANISM FOR CYCLES.

no. senese.

To all 'whom it may concern.'

Be it known that l, CHARLES Tnoiins i Bnooir Snives'rnn, subiect of theKing oi ,dotted line fllig. 3.

nale

Great Britain, residing at in Road, Bournbroolr, near Eirininghain,England, havednvented certain new and useful linprovenients in Change-Speed and iaclr- Pedaling Brake li/ecnanisnilor Cycles, of which thefollowing is a specification.

My invention has relation to change speed driving and brake ineclianisnifor cycles, and consists of a hub inechanisin which can be arranged togive two, three or tour different speeds and to be optionally usedeither as a change-gear alone or in combination with a back pedalingbrale; the saine allording, in every case, an autoinatio tree-wheel withpractically rictionless running on all speeds, in addition to providing(in the case of a coaster hub combination) for the actuation of thebrake by power which is transinitted direct from, the sprocket to thebraking mechanism, whereby all parts of the gearing and .of the freewheel driving clutch of the hub are isolated frein and entirely relievedof the stresses which are set up in applying suoli brake.

By the iinproved constructiony a cycle manufacturer or assenibler isenabled to nia-lie up or adapt hubs of different types or patterns tosuit the individual requirements or specifications of his customers andthe cost of manufacture is considerably reduced without detriment to theefficiency of the article produced.

l will i'ii'st describe niy invention in its applicationto athree-speed. coaster hub in which the brake part is inade in the i'orinof a self contained and reinovable or interchangeable element; and thenproceed yto explain in what nianner and by what ineens this constructioncan be changed or adapted to produce the various other hub gears orcoinbined i hub-gears and brakes above referred to.

Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings shows a longitudi al sectionalview ot the three speed hub arrangement with the parts in the positionsin which they are placed for driving on the norinal or iiiiddle speed. 2shows the positions in which the parts are placed to render thehighspeed train operative. 7 shows the parts in the low Fig. o `speedpositions. Fig. e shows the self-contained bra-lie device applied to thesprocket extension sleeve which constitutes theprimary driving eleinentof the hub. Fig. 5 is a Specification of 'etters Patent.

atented Aug. 17, 1909.

cross section of Fig. e pon the dotted line Fig. 6 is a cross section ofthe hub upon the Fig. 7 is an end elevation and Fig. S a side view ofthe coin )ined cage and clutch separately. 9 is a view showing thearrangement ol' the slidable sunwheels and the clutch-caps which aresecured to the hub axle and are adapted to he repectively engaged by thesaid sun-wheels. Figs. 10 and 11 show an inside elevation and an edgeview of the self-contained brake elernent separately. Fig. 1,2 is a viewillustrat ing the inanner in which the said brake eleinent is applied tothe geared hub. 13 to 21 show various views or" the several coniponentparts of the hub separated or disassenibled from one another.

The saine characters oi' reference indicate corresponding parts in theseveral figures of the drawings.

n the arrangement represented in these figures, there is forined at theright hand end Vof the hub shell 10 a druin or enlare'einent 11 whichconstitutes a brake chamber when the hub has a brake element combinedwith it as shown in Figs. 1 and 5 and the corre spending part of theright end of the aille 12 carries a coinbined adjustable bearing `coneand clutch-cap 13 wnose principal function is to lock the low-speed sunpinion to the said axle es hereinafter described. This cone and clutcheleinent is mounted on the axle in such a ina-nner that it is :tree tomove longitudinally for adjusting certain of the bearings, but isincapable of rotatory inoveinent so that it inay serve as the inediuniwhereby the sun-wheel 14 of the low speed train 15 rnav be clutched tothe axle when it is desired to render the said train operative. rllhus,the said element 13 is provided at its outer end with pair ot gaps ornotches 16 which are engaged respectively by tongue extensions 17 at theinner end ol screwed-on adjustable cone 1S, so that when said cone isrotated the lrey connection established by the engaging parts 16 and 17compels the element 13 to also turn so that all the bearings at theright hand ond of the hub are simultaneously adjusted. The said part 13is provided with a series of internal clutch teeth 19, adapted to beengaged by the teeth ol' the slidable sun-wheel 14, while externally thecone is forined with a pair of parallel ball races 20, 21, for carryingtwo rings of balls .22, 23, the inner set 28 of whicl are adapted toserve as bearings for right CTV posed,

hand end of the planetary pinion cage or carrier 24, while the outer setform one oi the bearings of the sprocket sleeve 25 the other bearings of'said sleeves being arranged at 26, between a cup in its outer end andthe cone 18.

The sprocket sleeve 25 is arranged concentrically within the brakechamber oi" the hub-shell and its concentricity is preserved by iittinginto the corresponding end oll the shell body inward et 'the said brakechamber, a closure-plate 26, between which the said sprocket sleeve ballbearings 27 are interthe closure also serves to keep the parts of theepicyclic gear train in their relative positions.

To provide for the actuation, when required, of an expanding band. typeback pedal brake and to admit of the use of a self-contained brakeattachment which includes one of the elements of the brake actuatingclutch system the sleeve is formed with ratchet teeth 28, while for thepurpose of taking the drive direct from the sprocket wheel 29 to thegear system, the said sprocket sleeve is rigidly connected to theinternal toothed driving element 30 of the multiplying or high geartrain.

The double epicyclic train by which the range of three different s eedsis provided for, consists of two interna toothed rings or annular gearelements 30, 3l located ree spectively in the opposite ends of thehubshell body, two sets of lanetary pinions 32, 33 mounted in a singecage 24, and constantly meshing respectively with the said annulargears, two sun-wheels 14, 34 mounted on the axle 12 and adapted to beslid to and fro collectively but to be capable of independent rotationthereon, two clutch devices 13, 35 whereby either the one or the otherof the said sun wheels may be locked to the axle or be both lei-'t freeto revolve in unison thereon and a further clutch device for lockingboth sun wheels to the planetary pinion cage when they are disassociatedfrom the axle, or for locking either sun-wheel alone to the said cagewhen its fellow is locked to the axle.

Any suitable clutch devices may be used for changing or modifying theaction of the duplex gear train in the well-known manner for obtainingthe low speed drive or reducing action when the right hand sun-wheel 141is locked to the axle (see Fig. 3) but is free oi the cage and theleft-hand gear train is locked up solid by the placing of its sunwheelin a position in which it is clutched with the pinion cage and whilestill in engagement with its planet pinions and free ot the axle, or forobtaining the high-speed drive when the left hand sun wheel 34. islocked to the axle (see Fig. 2) and the right hand sun wheel is lockedup solid by the engagement of its sun wheel with the cage, or i forobtaining a direct drive on the normal or middle speed when both geartrains are locked to the pinion cage by freeing both sun wheels from theaxle and clutci ng or locking them with the cage as shown in l, butpreferably l employ the sun-wheel and clutch system represented in thedra vings which is arranged as follows:-

The two separate sun wheels le., 34, are arranged to rotateindependently but slide collectively upon the hollow and slotted axlel2, and are held together' endwise by means of a pair of contiring rings36, 37 which are permanently connected, at a fixed distance apart bypins 3S, 39, which are directed through the slots l0 in the axle and aresecured to a striking rod lll, which. is connected with any suitablegear-striking mechanism the axle, .l preferably use the combinedadjusting cone and clutch 13, already referred to and arrange tor theouter end of the said wheelfto be engaged with the clutch teeth of thesaid device as shown in Fig. 3, such teeth being made oi' a length thatwill insure their effective engagement with the said sunwheelirrespective el the adjusted position of the cone while to provide forthe locking of the left-hand sun-wheel l use a combined cone and clutchwhich l positively lix to the axle and arrange the same so that, inaddition to being engaged by the left-hand sun-wheel for rendering thehigh-speed train operative, it will also constitute a fixed abutment fortaking any end thrust that may be applied to the gears and a fixed pointup to which the whole of the gear bearings can be adjusted. rVlie innerside et the cone is liormed with a ball race Ll2, which is opposed to asimilar race the inside of a sleeve-like extension 48, of the pinioncage 24, and balls Alli, are interposed between the said races.

Vihe clutch device for loclin0` both sunwheels to the pinion cage orcarrier when they are free of the axle is preferably made by formingaround hole in. the body part of the said cage, a ring oi clutch teeth415, ot suitable length to insure that when the coupled sun-wheels areplaced in their inidway or intermediate position, as shown in Fig. i,their meeting ends shall both be engaged by the said. clutch teeth, butwhen the said wheels are drawn or pushed over to either the l w-gear orthe high-gear position, as the case may be, the inner end of the onewheel shall be moved further into the cage clutch although it stillremains in mesh with its planet pinions, whereas the other wheel iscompletely cleared from the said cage clutch but is engaged with. theinternal clutch teeth of the appropriate non-rotatable senese bearingcone and is thereby locked to the axle lor rendering` the correspondingtrain operative.

The pinion cage is con'hned laterally between the bearing cones on theaxle, but the ball bearings upon which it iO mounted reduce the internalfriction to a minimum when the said cage is revolving as it does whendrive is being transmitted although it is stationary duringfree-wheeling. rlhe cage consists of a middle plate provided centrallywith the cage clutch 45 above described and having a series of radialarms each of which has fixed to it a pair of pinionsupporting studswhose outer ends are connected to rings 45 47, whim complete thecage-structure and retain the loose pinions upon their respective studs,and are also formed with races to contain the ball bearings on which thesaid cage is mounted. The pinions of the high-gear train mesh with andtransmit the drive to the internal gear element 3l, and in order toprovide an antilriction support for this element, which revolves at arelatively faster rate than the cage itself when the high-speed train isoperative, an anti-friction bearing such as 48 is interposed between thecage extension 43 and the concentric extension 50 of the internal gear31.

The final transmission of the drive from the gear-element 3l, to thehub-shell is effected through a clutch 5l, 52, interposed between thesaid element 3l, and a plate 70, which is screwed to the hub-shell andcarries a ball-raced cup 53, to cooperate with a cone 54, on the aXlefor containing the left-hand hub-shell bearing 55. This clutchconstitutes the only connection between the internal gear and the hubshell so that when discontinued the said shell will over-run the saidmechanism (whichever gear train is operative or in service) withoutimparting any motion whatsoever thereto, and thus considerable wear andtear is obviated.

The three-speed gear and free -wheel clutch arrangement above t escribedis oomplete and self contained and is adapted to be optionally usedeither alone as shown in Figs. l to 3, er in combination with aselfcontained and detachable baclipedaling brake element as shown inFigs. 4 and 5. ln the former case, the outer end of the bralrechamber1l, is closed by a plate 56, but when the brake combination is desired,then the brake device Figs. l0 and il, is applied to the said brakechamber in such a manner that the part of brake-actuating clutch whichis carried by it will engage with the ratchet clutch teeth 2S on thesprocket sleeve.

ln the expanding-band type bralre represented in the drawings, the band60, is mounted upon a fulcrum plate 61, which is adapted to be securedby a clip to the frame of a machine and is formed with a central bush 62which, when the brake element is in position 'within the end chamber ofthe hub, will surround the middle ot the sprocket sleeve and becon'llned laterally between an annular shoulder on the side sleeve andthe chain wheel which is made to screw on to and oil the driving pieceto enable the said brake element to be laterally introduced into orremoved from the bralre chamber and to be laterally held in place by thesaid wheel when the latter is in position. rlhe central bush oi' thelulcrum plate then surrounds the ratchet clutch teeth 28, and gaps orclearances 6?- are formed in said bush to admit el' an eh'ectiveengagement being made between said teeth 28, and the complementaryclutch element 64, which is carried by a curved lever 65, whose functionis to act upon the ends of the bralre band, either directly or by conesor the like, and to expand the same into frictional contact with a ringin the inside of the brake-chamber when the sprocket sleeve is turned ina backward direction. 'l he clutch element 54, consists of a pawl piece'which is pivoted on the eitremitj,T of the brake-ef;- panding lever andis arranged so that it is lrept, by a suitable spring 66, in contactwith the ratchet teeth 28, which wipe idly under the said pawl piece solong as forward drive is being transmitted but become engaged with sameand actua-te the brake lever therethrough when the motion of' thesprocket sleeve is reversed by baclr-pedaling. The pivot end of the pawlpiece is arranged within a seating 57, which backs up and provides asolid bearing for the said pawl and taires the strain oil its pivot.

rllhe self contained coaster bralre element may be applied to thismodiiied or converted form of the mechanism in the same manner as to theother forms or modifications already mentioned.

Having fully described my invention, what l desire to claim and secureby Letters Patent is z- 1. In a device of the class specified, a changespeed hub of the double epicycloidal train class comprising a pair ofgear trains, a combined planetary pinion cage and clutch device carryingthe planetary pinions of both trains, a pair of collectively slidableand independently rotatable sun wh els cooperating therewith, a JFixedaxle carrying a pair of sun wheel clutches each adapted to cooperatewith one of said sun wheels, a driving member associated with thedriving element of the lirst gear train, a brake device detachablyconnected to the shell at one end thereof and engaging the shell whenactuated, means carried by the driving member adapted to actuate thebrake mechanism when the driving member is moved in a reverse directionand a free wheeling clutch arranged between the driven element of thesecond gear train and the other end of the shell adapted to permit theshell to overrun the gear train when the latter is held stationary.

2. 1n a change speed hub comprising the combination with a nxed axle anda revolving planetary pinion case, of sun wheel clutching devicescarried on said axle and provided with means to constitute external ballraces for the reception of bearing elements to support the cage.

3. 1n a change speed hub, a hub shell, a driving element, a drivenelement, a gear train arranged between the driving element and thedriven element, a clutch device arranged between the driven element andthe hub shell, operative upon the movement of the gear train in aforward direction to clutch the driven element to the brake shell at oneend thereof and adapted to permit the shell to overrun the gear trainwhen the train is held stationary, a'bralie device detachably arrangedbetween the driving element and the brake shell at the other end of theshell and means associated with the driving element to actuate the brakemechanism when the driving element is moved in the reverse direction.

4. 1n a device of the character specified, a hub shell, a xed axle, apinion cage mounted on the axle and carrying two sets of planetarypinions, means to lock either of said sets of planetary pinions and thecage to the axle, a driving element geared to one of said sets ofpinions, a driven element geared to the other set of pinions, and aclutch device between the driven element and the hub shell operativewhen the driving element is moved in one direction to impart movementfrom said driven element to the shell.

5. 1n a change speed hub of the double epicycloidal train class thecombination with a self-contained brake clement of a brake drum, of alever for expanding the drum having a pawl, a pair of gear trains, acombined planetary -pinion cage and clutch device carrying the planetarypinions of both trains, a pair of collectively slidable andindependently rotatable sun wheels coperating therewith, a iixed axle, apair of sun wheel clutches carried by a ixed axle, a sprocket extensionmember connected with the driving elements of the iirst gear train andadapted to he engaged by said pawl when the brake is fitted to the hub,a member secured to the shell, and a free wheeling clutch interposedbetween the driven elements of the second gear train and said member.

6. In a change speed hub, in combination, a sprocket wheel provided withan extension, a hub shell, a gear train, a one-way free wheeling clutchserving as the only connection between the shell of the hub and thetrain and adapted to permit of holding the whole of the train stationarywhen the hub shell is over-running, a brake device embodying a drum anda lever for expanding the same, and a second clutch interposed betweenthe brake device and said extension and provided with means whereby thedirect actuation ofthe brake from the sprocket wheel can be had.

7. ln a device oil the class specified, a hub shell, an annular tootheddriven element at one end ol' the shell, an annular toothed drivingmember at the other end of Vthe shell, a non-rotatable axle, a pinioncage rotatably mounted on the axle, two sets of planetary gears carriedby the pinion cage, one ci said sets el' gears engaging the teeth ollthe driven element and the other engaging the teeth of the drivingelement, means associated with the axle to engage said cage and eitheroi said sets of planetary gears, and a clutch between the driven elementand the hub shell operative upon the movement of the driving element inone direction to impart movement from the driven element to said shell,and to permit the shell to overrun the driven element when the latter isheld stationary.

8. In a change speed hub, adriving element, a driven element a rotatablymounted cage carrying a pair of sets of pinions, one of said sets ofpinions engaging the driving element and the other the driven element, apair of rotatable and shiitable devices, each adapted when shifted tolock said cage and one oi' said sets oi' pinions together, and a pair ofdevices each adapted to engage one oi said locking devices when shiftedto secure it against rotation, said last named devices also serving toanti'l'rictionally support the cage and being movable toward and awayfrom the other to provide for adjustment ol the cage bearings.

9. 1n a change speed hub, a hub shell, a pair ol' internally toothedrings, a xed axle, a pinion cage, a pair oi' sets of pinions carried bysaid cage each set adapted to engage one of said toothed rings, a pairof sun wheels shii'table and independently rotatable on the axle each ofsaid sun wheels meshing with one 0l' the sets of pinions and adaptedwhen shifted to engage said cage, means to clutch said sun wheels to theaxle, driving means for one ol' said rings and a clutch device betweenthe other ring and the shell operative when the driving element is movedin one direction and connecting said ring to the shell.

In testimony whereof l have hereunto set my hand in presence of twosubscribing witnesses.

CHARLES T. B. SANGSTER.

Witnesses FRANK S. SrMMoNDs, ARTHUR SADLER.

